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Scientific American - Objets Actus

Can Lifestyle Changes Bring Out the Best in Genes? [News]
Mardi 17 Juin 2008 - 18:00 - 5 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
A new pilot study shows that eating right, exercising and reducing stress may help keep chronic diseases at bay by switching on beneficial genes, including tumor-fighters, and silencing those that trigger malignancies and other ills. [More]

Can Lifestyle Changes Bring Out the Best in Genes?
Mardi 17 Juin 2008 - 18:00 - 5 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
A new pilot study shows that eating right, exercising and reducing stress may help keep chronic diseases at bay by switching on beneficial genes, including tumor-fighters, and silencing those that trigger malignancies and other ills. [More]

News Scan Briefs: Eating with Tension, Cancer Marriage, Milk and Diabetes [Scientific American Magazine]
Dimanche 15 Juin 2008 - 22:00 - 5 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Eating with TensionThe long, thin beaks of shorebirds called phalaropes are no good at sucking up water and any tasty crustaceans within. Instead they rely on the attractive force of liquid known as surface tension to ferry prey upward. The birds first swim in small, fast circles on the surface of the water, creating a vortex that pulls creatures up within their reach. They next peck at the water and then rapidly open and close their beaks. This scissoring motion both pulls and squeezes droplets, about two millimeters in size, and moves them from the tip of their beaks into their mouths. In experiments with mechanical beaks, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the French National Center for Scientific Research find that the droplets do not move well if the water contains oil, detergents and other pollutants that alter water’s surface tension. Draw in the findings from the May 16 Science. [More]

Could Our Own Proteins Be Used to Help Us Fight Cancer? [Scientific American Magazine]
Dimanche 15 Juin 2008 - 22:00 - 5 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
In 1962 someone at the Genetics Institute in Pavia, Italy, turned up the temperature in an incubator holding fruit flies. When Ferruccio Ritossa, then a young geneticist, examined the cells of these “heat shocked” flies, he noticed that their chromosomes had puffed up at discrete locations. The puffy appearance was a known sign that genes were being activated in those regions to give rise to their encoded proteins, so those sites of activity became known as the heat shock loci.The effect was reproducible but initially considered to be unique to the fruit fly. It took another 15 years before the proteins generated when these chromosome puffs appear were detected in mammals and other forms of life. In what is certainly among the most absorbing stories in contemporary biology, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have since been recognized as occupying a central role in all life--not just at the level of cells but of organisms and whole populations. [More]

The Other Brain Cells: New Roles for Glia [Scientific American Mind]
Mercredi 28 Mai 2008 - 22:00 - 6 mois depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Neurons have always been the stars of brain research, but scientists are now realizing that nonneuronal cells known as glia--which make up around 90 percent of cells in the brain--are not the mild-mannered understudies they appeared to be. Some glia may even fire electrical signals, a finding that overturns a central dogma of neuroscience that holds that neurons are the only cells in the brain with such signaling ability.Last winter, when neuroscientists at University College London examined glia known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), they were astounded to find that, just like neurons, one subtype fired electrical signals in response to electrical stimulation. Before this study little was known about the function of OPCs, says study leader Ragnhildur Karadottir, except that they could develop into new oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell that forms an insulating sheath around neurons like the rubber on an electrical cord. [More]

The Other Brain Cells: New Roles for Glia
Mercredi 28 Mai 2008 - 22:00 - 6 mois depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Neurons have always been the stars of brain research, but scientists are now realizing that nonneuronal cells known as glia--which make up around 90 percent of cells in the brain--are not the mild-mannered understudies they appeared to be. Some glia may even fire electrical signals, a finding that overturns a central dogma of neuroscience that holds that neurons are the only cells in the brain with such signaling ability.Last winter, when neuroscientists at University College London examined glia known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), they were astounded to find that, just like neurons, one subtype fired electrical signals in response to electrical stimulation. Before this study little was known about the function of OPCs, says study leader Ragnhildur Karadottir, except that they could develop into new oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell that forms an insulating sheath around neurons like the rubber on an electrical cord. [More]

New Breast Cancer Treatments Help Sufferers Gain Ground
Mardi 27 Mai 2008 - 07:20 - 6 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women and, after lung cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in North America. Yet unlike the survival rate for individuals diagnosed with lung cancer, the rate for women diagnosed with breast cancer has been rising dramatically over the past decade--to the point where breast cancer could soon lose its ranking as the second-greatest cancer killer. Nothing would delight clinicians like us more.This improvement in overall outlook for women diagnosed with breast cancer is attributable in part to earlier detection, which results from greater awareness of, and access to, regular breast screening. But breast cancer patients are also benefiting from accelerated research that has led to a much better understanding of the disease and a wider variety of treatment choices that doctors can mix and match to tailor therapy for a particular patient. In just the past decade, it has even become possible to target drugs to specific molecules within tumors that help to drive the disease. [More]

Blogging--It's Good for You [Scientific American Magazine]
Jeudi 22 Mai 2008 - 06:25 - 6 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Self-medication may be the reason the blogosphere has taken off. Scientists (and writers) have long known about the therapeutic benefits of writing about personal experiences, thoughts and feelings. But besides serving as a stress-coping mechanism, expressive writing produces many physiological benefits. Research shows that it improves memory and sleep, boosts immune cell activity and reduces viral load in AIDS patients, and even speeds healing after surgery. A study in the February issue of the Oncologist reports that cancer patients who engaged in expressive writing just before treatment felt markedly better, mentally and physically, as compared with patients who did not.Scientists now hope to explore the neurological underpinnings at play, especially considering the explosion of blogs. According to Alice Flaherty, a neuroscientist at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital, the placebo theory of suffering is one window through which to view blogging. As social creatures, humans have a range of pain-related behaviors, such as complaining, which acts as a “placebo for getting satisfied,” Flaherty says. Blogging about stressful experiences might work similarly. [More]

Blogging--It's Good for You
Jeudi 22 Mai 2008 - 06:25 - 6 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
Self-medication may be the reason the blogosphere has taken off. Scientists (and writers) have long known about the therapeutic benefits of writing about personal experiences, thoughts and feelings. But besides serving as a stress-coping mechanism, expressive writing produces many physiological benefits. Research shows that it improves memory and sleep, boosts immune cell activity and reduces viral load in AIDS patients, and even speeds healing after surgery. A study in the February issue of the Oncologist reports that cancer patients who engaged in expressive writing just before treatment felt markedly better, mentally and physically, as compared with patients who did not.Scientists now hope to explore the neurological underpinnings at play, especially considering the explosion of blogs. According to Alice Flaherty, a neuroscientist at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital, the placebo theory of suffering is one window through which to view blogging. As social creatures, humans have a range of pain-related behaviors, such as complaining, which acts as a “placebo for getting satisfied,” Flaherty says. Blogging about stressful experiences might work similarly. [More]

Recruiting a Dangerous Foe to Fight Cancer and HIV [Features]
Mercredi 21 Mai 2008 - 12:00 - 6 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Cancer - Scientific American
If you are pregnant or know anyone who is pregnant, you have almost certainly heard of Listeria, a dangerous bacterium that contaminates vegetables, dairy and meat. It is something you want to avoid: Listeria infections kill about 500 people a year in the U.S., and 2,000 more become seriously ill with food poisoning. Pregnant women are about 20 times more likely to become infected. [More]

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