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Scientific American - Objets Actus

Could IMF Loans Be Causing TB Deaths? [News]
Jeudi 24 Juillet 2008 - 05:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
The International Monetary Fund this week denounced a study that links its loans to a rise in deaths from tuberculosis (TB) in the former republics of the Soviet Union and in eastern Europe. [More]

Are a Popular Doping Drug's Effects All in the Mind? [News]
Jeudi 24 Juillet 2008 - 03:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Editors’ note: This story will appear in the October/November 2008 issue of Scientific American Mind.Many athletes credit drugs with improving their performance, but some of them may want to thank their brain instead. Mounting evidence suggests that the boost from human growth hormone (HGH), an increasingly popular doping drug, might be caused by the placebo effect. [More]

Is the U.N. Deadline on Curing Malaria Wishful Thinking? [Scientific American Magazine]
Mardi 22 Juillet 2008 - 12:23 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
In a dramatic call to action in April, United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon--backed by the African Union, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Gates Foundation, ExxonMobil, the World Bank, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, among other key international organizations and businesses--set a timetable for comprehensive malaria control in Africa by the end of 2010. Secretary-General Ban has thrown down the gauntlet: there is no reason why a million or more children should die every year of a largely preventable and wholly treatable disease.The operational objective is to ensure that crucial interventions are taken continent-wide and at the appropriate scale within the next two and a half years. As I described in this space in October 2007, the package of technical control measures is now settled. There should be restriction of the mosquito vector (especially through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying of insecticides); timely treatment of every clinical case with effective medicines; preventive treatment for pregnant women; and trained community health workers who will link clinics and communities in rural areas. In view of the lives to be saved and the economic benefits of reining in the disease, the total cost of around $3 billion a year is one of the world’s great bargains. [More]

Good and Evil: A Cancer Vaccine from Tobacco Plants [News]
Mardi 22 Juillet 2008 - 12:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
In the first human trial of its kind, a vaccine grown in genetically engineered tobacco plants has proved to be safe, paving the way to one day use it to help combat a potentially fatal form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [More]

Are Sunscreens Safe? [EarthTalk]
Mardi 22 Juillet 2008 - 05:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Dear EarthTalk: Are sunscreens safe? Which ones do you recommend that will protect my skin from the sun and not cause other issues?-- Bettina E., New York, NY [More]

Is It Time to Give Up on Therapeutic Cloning? A Q&A with Ian Wilmut [Features]
Lundi 21 Juillet 2008 - 22:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Ian Wilmut, famed for creating Dolly the cloned sheep, announced recently that he is abandoning the technique to concentrate on a popular new approach: making induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Such cells would get around the ethical and legal issues surrounding embryonic stem cell work, of which cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, has been an integral part. For the Insights story, "No More Cloning Around," in the August 2008 Scientific American, Sally Lehrman asked Wilmut about his change in focus, whether somatic cell nuclear transfer is still relevant, and what lessons he learned in his experience with Dolly. Here is an edited excerpt of that interview. [More]

Happy Fish Go Hungry? [News]
Lundi 21 Juillet 2008 - 13:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
What begins in the bathroom often ends in the water supply. No, not that, the drugs in your medicine chest--and that, a new study suggests, could have a significant impact on aquatic life. [More]

Antibiotic Resistance: Blame It on Lifesaving Malaria Drug? [News]
Lundi 21 Juillet 2008 - 12:00 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
A new study shows that overuse of a drug used to prevent and treat malaria may be contributing to growing antibiotic resistance. Researchers report in the journal PLoS ONE that Escherichia coli bacteria resistant to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin were detected in the digestive tracts of villagers from remote rainforest communities in Guyana who had been given the drug chloroquine to prevent and treat malaria, a potentially fatal disease spread by mosquitoes. This is the first study to show that resistance can emerge in individuals never exposed to the antibiotic, which is used throughout the world to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases."Ten to 15 years ago, resistance to ciprofloxacin was rare. [Now], outside of remote populations, cipro resistance in hospitals and the community at large is becoming a problem," says Andrew Simor, a senior scientist at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center at the University of Toronto, who was not involved in the study. "E. coli is one of the most common causes of infections in humans. A decade ago it was nearly universally susceptible to ciprofloxacin." Today, he says, as many as 30 percent of hospital patients tested have E. coli that failed to respond to ciprofloxacin, which is the drug of choice for treating these bacteria. [More]

Why Migraines Strike [Scientific American Magazine]
Lundi 21 Juillet 2008 - 11:35 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
For the more than 300 million people who suffer migraines, the excruciating, pulsating pain that characterizes these debilitating headaches needs no description. For those who do not, the closest analogous experience might be severe altitude sickness: nausea, acute sensitivity to light, and searing, bed-confining headache. “That no one dies of migraine seems, to someone deep into an attack, an ambiguous blessing,” wrote Joan Didion in the 1979 essay “In Bed” from her collection The White Album.Historical records suggest the condition has been with us for at least 7,000 years, yet it continues to be one of the most misunderstood, poorly recognized and inadequately treated medical disorders. Indeed, many people seek no medical care for their agonies, most likely believing that doctors can do little to help or will be downright skeptical and hostile toward them. Didion wrote “In Bed” almost three decades ago, but some physicians remain as dismissive today as they were then: “For I had no brain tumor, no eyestrain, no high blood pressure, nothing wrong with me at all: I simply had migraine headaches, and migraine headaches were, as everyone who did not have them knew, imaginary.” [More]

Hutterites Are Model Gene Community [60-Second Science]
Lundi 21 Juillet 2008 - 04:05 - 4 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
[The following is an exact transcript of this podcast.]You may have heard of genetic research being done in Iceland. It’s a rich venue, because Icelanders have a limited gene pool and highly detailed genealogical records. Well, it looks like we have our own version of Icelanders here in the U.S. They’re called the Hutterites, and they live in rural South Dakota. Researchers from the University of Chicago and Northwestern have been studying the Hutterites for decades. Almost 1,300 members of the community emigrated from Germany to South Dakota in 1874. Today they number in the tens of thousands. They live similar communal farming lifestyles, so they experience common environmental influences. [More]

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