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Scientific American - Objets Actus

George Yancopoulos: Doing Well by Trying to Do Good
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 14:40 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
His finalist year: 1976 [More]

Of Survival and Science
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 14:30 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Editor's note: This story was originally posted in the August 1999 issue, and has been reposted to highlight the long intertwined history of the Nobel Prizes in Scientific American.In 1996 Japan's Inamori Foundation asked Mario R. Capecchi to review his life and work in an acceptance speech for the prestigious Kyoto Prize. Capecchi dutifully described his pathbreaking research on a precision method for insertion or deletion of genes in mice. The most compelling part of the talk, however, had nothing to do with mouse chimeras or positive-negative selection. Rather Capecchi recounted memories of a childhood with the makings of a script Italian actor/director Roberto Benigni might use as an encore for his Academy Award-winning Life Is Beautiful. [More]

Gut Microbe Strikes Again: Ulcer-Causing Bug May Also Prevent Cancer
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 10:00 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
The common ulcer-causing bug linked this summer to reduced rates of childhood asthma and allergies may also help protect adults against one type of cancer, according to a new analysis. Researchers report today in the journal Cancer Prevention Research that they found the stomach microbe Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may help prevent a major form of cancer of the esophagus (the muscular tube that carries food and drink from the throat to the stomach). [More]

AIDS in 1988
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 09:25 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Editor's Note: Luc Montagnier shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, awarded on October 6. The new Nobel laureate co-authored this article, originally published in the October 1988 issue of Scientific American. We are making it available here due to its historical significance.As recently as a decade ago it was widely believed that infectious disease was no longer much of a threat in the developed world. The remaining challenges to public health there, it was thought, stemmed from noninfectious conditions such as cancer, heart disease and degenerative diseases. That confidence was shattered in the early 1980's by the advent of AIDS. Here was a devastating disease caused by a class of infectious agents--retroviruses--that had first been found in human beings only a few years before. In spite of the startling nature of the epidemic, science responded quickly. In the two years from mid-1982 to mid-1984 the outlines of the epidemic were clarified, a new virus-the human immunodeficiency virus (HN)-was isolated and shown to cause the disease, a blood test was formulated and the virus's targets in the body were established. [More]

Montagnier, Barre-Sinoussi and zur Hausen Share Nobel
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 07:25 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
A pair of French scientists who isolated the AIDS-causing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a German scientist who determined that human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine today. The Nobel committee's decision to give the prize to Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, who isolated HIV in 1983, caps a long, bitter dispute between the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where they made their discovery, and American scientist Robert Gallo, who linked HIV to AIDS separately but was snubbed by the Nobel committee. [More]

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Lundi 06 Octobre 2008 - 04:53 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
[The following is an exact transcript of this podcast.]Germany’s Harald zur Hausen and France’s Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinoussi share the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded October 6th. [More]

What is benzene?
Vendredi 03 Octobre 2008 - 15:30 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Apple is investigating a complaint that its pre-2008 Mac Pros emit fumes from the chemical benzene. One user told Apple that he noticed a strong smell when he unpacked his Mac last year, and that 10 days later, he developed nose and throat irritation, reports the French newspaper Liberation. (A clunky English translation of the report can be found here.) [More]

Molecular Machines That Control Genes
Vendredi 03 Octobre 2008 - 12:25 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Editor's Note: This article was originally published in the February 1995 issue of Scientific American. We are reposting it this week because Robert Tijan has just been named president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.Asthma, cancer, heart disease, immune disorders and viral infections are seemingly disparate conditions. Yet they turn out to share a surprising feature. All arise to a great extent from overproduction or underproduction of one or more proteins, the molecules that carry out most reactions in the body. This realization has recently lent new urgency to research aimed at understanding, and ultimately manipulating, the fascinating biochemical machinery that regulates an essential step in protein synthesis: the transcription of genes. For a protein to be generated, the gene that specifies its composition must be transcribed, or copied, from DNA into strands of messenger RNA, which later serve as the templates from which the protein is manufactured. [More]

Plastics in Our Diet: The Need for BPA Regulation
Jeudi 02 Octobre 2008 - 22:00 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Studies have surfaced in recent months that certain plastic products we use every day could be interfering with our hormone systems. Approximately 100,000 synthetic chemicals are approved for consumer products and industrial processes--and certain classes of them, it seems, are dangerous to our health. One compound in the news, known as BPA, is of particular concern.Only a handful of once approved substances have ever become banned or severely restricted, such as DDT, PCBs and benzene. What about the rest? Under existing laws, drugs must be shown to be safe and effective, pesticides must be tested to demonstrate that they are safe enough in a balance between risks and benefits, and synthetic food additives must meet a standard set in 1958 by the Delaney Amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. But many, many other substances remain untouched by safety regulations. [More]

Calendar: Mind Events in October and November
Jeudi 02 Octobre 2008 - 22:00 - 1 mois, 2 semaines depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
OCTOBER12 Face your fears at Goose Bumps! The Science of Fear, a traveling exhibition developed by the California Science Center. Kids can experience the scary emotion in a safe environment as they learn how their brain and body work together to confront danger. Visit Boston’s Museum of Science to get your heart pumping in hands-on activities, including an interactive video game where the player learns how fear helps animals survive in nature. [More]

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