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Looking at Yesterday's Genes for Tomorrow's Cures [Scientific American Magazine]
Mercredi 02 Juillet 2008 - 06:31 - 5 mois depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
If humans could reanimate one of our ancient ancestors, we could quickly learn much more about how people once went about their lives than any study of dusty bones and artifacts would reveal. Our forebear might even teach us a few old tricks that could be used to help the living.That is in essence what researchers in Germany and Hungary were after when they re-created Harbinger3_DR, a long-extinct precursor of at least two modern human genes: they wanted to watch it operate inside living cells. Not just any DNA relic, Harbinger3_DR is an ancient transposon--a so-called jumping gene, able to cut itself out of an organism’s genome and reinsert itself in a different location. Modern scientists would love to master its secrets so they could more precisely control where genes introduced for gene therapy incorporate themselves into a patient’s DNA strand. [More]

Long Trip: Magic Mushrooms' Transcendent Effect Lingers [News]
Mardi 01 Juillet 2008 - 13:20 - 5 mois depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
People who took magic mushrooms were still feeling the love more than a year later, and one might say they were on cloud nine about it, scientists report in the Journal of Psychopharmacology."Most of the volunteers looked back on their experience up to 14 months later and rated it as the most, or one of the five most, personally meaningful and spiritually significant of their lives," comparing it with the birth of a child or the death of a parent, says neuroscientist Roland Griffiths of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who lead the research. "It's one thing to have a dramatic experience you say is impressive. It's another thing to say you consider it as meaningful 14 months later. There's something about the saliency of these experiences that's stunning." [More]

Alzheimer's Drug May Prevent Brain Damage in Preemies [News]
Lundi 30 Juin 2008 - 14:30 - 5 mois depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Researchers have discovered that a drug marketed to slow the progression of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease may also prevent brain damage in as many as 35 percent of premature infants.Scientists at Children's Hospital Boston in a study published in The Journal of Neuroscience say they used memantine (brand name Namenda) to stop strokes‚Äîthat would result in learning difficulties, behavioral problems and faulty motor function‚Äîin rats. The researchers hope to receive permission sometime in the next five years to test their new treatment in premature babies who suffer strokes. [More]

How was Tiger Woods able to play golf for a year with a badly injured knee? [Ask the Experts]
Vendredi 27 Juin 2008 - 16:00 - 5 mois depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Tiger Woods revealed last week that he'd been playing golf on a bum left knee for nearly a year. And he hadn't been doing badly: Recently, he finished second at the Master's and won the U.S. Open after forcing a playoff last week. [More]

Updates: Whatever Happened to Protecting Cells from Radiation? [Scientific American Magazine]
Vendredi 27 Juin 2008 - 06:18 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Ozone Recovery, Warmer AntarcticaThe Antarctic ozone hole that forms every spring has kept that continent's interior cold even as the rest of the world has warmed over the past few decades [see "A Push from Above"; SciAm, August 2002]. Thanks to the global ban on chlorofluorocarbons, stratospheric ozone levels there are slowly recovering. A repaired hole, however, could speed Antarctic ice melting and change weather patterns, according to a computer model by Judith Perlwitz of the University of Colorado at Boulder and her colleagues. With more ozone, the lower stratosphere would absorb more ultraviolet light and warm up by as much as nine degrees Celsius. That in turn would break down circulation patterns that trap cold air over Antarctica's interior, making the continent heat up. The changed patterns would also make Australia warmer and drier, and South America could get wetter. Such ozone details may need to be worked into global climate models, most of which have neither incorporated such effects nor included enough of the stratosphere. The journal Geophysical Research Letters published the study on April 26. [More]

Chronic Itching: Causes and Cures [Scientific American Mind]
Jeudi 26 Juin 2008 - 11:00 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Warning: just reading this article might make your skin crawl. Thinking about itching, seeing people scratch, looking at pictures of bedbugs or other itch inducers--all can bring on an irresistible urge to flick away that irksome feeling.But itching--“pruritus,” to physicians--is more than an occasional nuisance. The sensation, which arises from an irritation of the nerve cells along the skin, serves as a helpful warning about potential hazards such as insects or foreign materials--and scratching is often a simple and effective method for dealing with them. Itching is also the main symptom of many skin diseases and appears in some systemic conditions, such as chronic renal disease, cirrhosis and some types of cancer. [More]

Existing Drug Reverses a Form of Mental Retardation in Mice [News]
Mercredi 25 Juin 2008 - 16:00 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
A drug already on the market for a completely unrelated condition could be used to treat a form of mental retardation linked to autism--if the results of a study in mice hold up, researchers report. [More]

How Can I Free My Home of Pests without Harming My Family? [EarthTalk]
Mercredi 25 Juin 2008 - 12:50 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Dear EarthTalk: In renovating a vacation cabin, I discovered carpenter ants working their way through the walls. Is there any way to responsibly get rid of the pests without using noxious chemicals that could potentially harm my family? -- Curran Clark, Lummi Island, WA [More]

A Deadline on Malaria (Extended version) [Scientific American Magazine]
Mercredi 25 Juin 2008 - 04:00 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
Editor's Note: This is an extended version of the "Sustainable Developments" column from the July Issue of Scientific American.In a dramatic call to action in April, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon--backed by the African Union, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Gates Foundation, ExxonMobil, the World Bank, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, among other key international organizations and businesses--set a timetable for comprehensive malaria control in Africa by the end of 2010. Ki-moon has listened to the best science, weighed the recent evidence, and thrown down the gauntlet: there is no reason why a million or more children should die every year of a largely preventable and wholly treatable disease. Now we have a global timetable and a coalition to end the scourge. [More]

Just Smelling Coffee Helps Head [60-Second Science]
Mardi 24 Juin 2008 - 22:01 - 5 mois, 1 semaine depuis - Presse spécialisée - Scientific American
[The following is an exact transcript of this podcast.]That morning coffee is just the thing to get the brain in gear and the body moving. But it turns out that just the aroma of coffee also gets some of our genes up and at ‘em. That’s according to research in the June 25th issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The authors report that a sniff of coffee turns on several genes in the brain in ways that help diminish the impact of sleep deprivation. In rats, at least. [More]

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